Which amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizure?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution is designed to protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. It establishes the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, meaning that law enforcement officials generally need probable cause and often a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches or seizures. This amendment is a critical safeguard in the justice system, ensuring that personal privacy must be respected and that citizens are not subjected to arbitrary governmental intrusion.

The other amendments mentioned focus on different rights: the Third Amendment pertains to the quartering of soldiers in private homes, the Fifth Amendment addresses rights related to legal proceedings and protection against self-incrimination, and the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a fair trial. Each of these amendments serves important functions, but the protection against unreasonable search and seizure specifically falls under the Fourth Amendment, making it the correct answer in this context.