What type of trial involves only a judge without a jury?

A trial that involves only a judge without a jury is referred to as a bench trial. In this type of trial, the judge serves as the sole arbiter of the law and the facts of the case, determining both the outcome and any applicable legal standards. This structure is particularly useful in cases where legal determinations are more critical than the presentation of emotional or persuasive arguments typically associated with jury trials. Bench trials are often quicker and can be more efficient, especially in matters that do not require a jury's perspective.

The other types mentioned do not fit this description. A jury trial includes both a judge and a jury, where the jury is responsible for determining the facts and the judge oversees the legal proceedings. A grand trial often refers to the procedures involved in grand jury cases, where a group assesses whether there is enough evidence to bring charges. An advisory trial usually means that the judge's decision is influenced by a jury's recommendation, but it does not replace the judge's authority in rendering a final judgment.